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It is important to distinguish this technology from the solar thermal technology, which captures sun energy to heat water for thermal uses, or sometimes to generate electricity through a thermodynamic cycle.
A PV solar plant transforms directly the sun energy in electricity. This a property of some materials like silicon to allow the conversion of electromagnetic energy of photon into electricity. PV plants can be classified in two categories:
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Stand-alone, which means that the system is connected to an isolated net, energy powers directly the users and charges a pack of electric batteries. During night the battery pack supplies energy.
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Grid-connected, in which energy is delivered to the national net and accounted for. On a parallel connection energy flows from the national net to the users. The two systems are technically separed, and if there is a black out the system will not supply energy to the users. On the other side the electric company (Enel or whatever) will apply a net metering to its bill, discounting the production from the consumption.
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In Italy actually a common grid connected PV plant can cost around 6.000 – 8.000 € (+VAT) per kW. It occupies a surface of 8 – 10 square meters, and it produces (if well installed) around 1.300 kWh / year hence allowing a domestic user a decrease in the bill of 150 - 200 € per year, apart from an eventual state subsidy (conto energia).

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